Math Object Overview

The Math object allows JavaScript to perform mathematical tasks.

The Math object does not have a constructor. All properties/methods of Math can be called by using Math as an object, without creating it.

The following examples show various ways to use the Math object:

// Returns PI
var x = Math.PI;

// Returns the square root of 16
var y = Math.sqrt(16);

Properties

Methods

Description

The PI property returns the ratio of a circle's area to the square of its radius, approximately 3.14159.

This property has the form:

Math.PI

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("PI: " + Math.PI);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The PI property returns the ratio of a circle's area to the square of its radius, approximately 3.14159.

This property has the form:

Math.PI

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("PI: " + Math.PI);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The pow() method returns the value of x to the power of y (x^y).

This method has the form:

Math.pow(x,y)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.pow(2,1));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.pow(2,8));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The random() method returns a random number between 0 and 1.

This method has the form:

Math.random()

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.random());
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The round() method rounds a number to the nearest integer.

This method has the form:

Math.round(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.round(123.45));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.round(123.55));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The sin() method returns the sine of a number.

Note: This method returns a numeric value between -1 and 1, which represents the sine of the parameter x.

This method has the form:

Math.sin(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.sin(0));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.sin(Math.PI));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The sqrt() method returns the square root of a number.

This method has the form:

Math.sqrt(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.sqrt(9));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The SQRT1_2 property returns the square root of 1/2, approximately 0.707.

This property has the form:

Math.SQRT1_2

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("SQRT1_2: " + Math.SQRT1_2);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The SQRT2 property returns the square root of 2, approximately 1.414.

This property has the form:

Math.SQRT2

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("SQRT2: " + Math.SQRT2);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The abs() method returns the absolute value of a number.

This method has the form:

Math.abs(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.abs(123.45));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.abs(-123.45));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The acos() method returns the arccosine of a number as a numeric value value between 0 and PI radians.

Note: If the parameter x is outside the range -1 to 1, the browser will return NaN.

This method has the form:

Math.acos(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.acos(0));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.acos(-1));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.acos(1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The asin() method returns the arcsine of a number as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians.

Note: If the parameter x is outside the range -1 to 1, the browser will return NaN.

This method has the form:

Math.asin(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.asin(0));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.asin(-1));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.asin(1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The atan() method returns the arctangent of a number as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians.

This method has the form:

Math.atan(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.atan(0));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.atan(-1));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.atan(1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The atan2() method returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments. The angle returned is a numeric value between PI and -PI and represents the counterclockwise angle in radians (not degrees) between the positive X axis and the point (x, y).

This method has the form:

Math.atan2(x,y)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.atan2(8,4));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The ceil() method rounds a number UPWARDS to the nearest integer, and returns the result.

This method has the form:

Math.ceil(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.ceil(123.45));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The cos() method returns the cosine of a number.

Note: The cos() method returns a numeric value between -1 and 1, which represents the cosine of the angle.

This method has the form:

Math.cos(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.cos(0));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.cos(Math.PI));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The E property returns the Euler's number and the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.718.

This property has the form:

Math.E

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("Euler's number: " + Math.E);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The exp() method returns the value of Ex, where E is Euler's number (approximately 2.7183) and x is the number passed to it.

This method has the form:

Math.exp(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.exp(1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The floor() method rounds a number DOWNWARDS to the nearest integer, and returns the result.

This method has the form:

Math.floor(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.floor(123.45));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The LN2 property returns the natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693.

This property has the form:

Math.LN2

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("LN2: " + Math.LN2);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The LN10 property returns the natural logarithm of 10, approximately 2.302.

This property has the form:

Math.LN10

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("LN10: " + Math.LN10);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The log() method returns the natural logarithm (base E) of a number.

This method has the form:

Math.log(x)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.log(0));
document.write("<br />");
document.write(Math.log(1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The LOG2E property returns the base-2 logarithm of E, approximately 1.442.

This property has the form:

Math.LOG2E

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("LOG2E: " + Math.LOG2E);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The LOG10E property returns the base-10 logarithm of E, approximately 0.434.

This property has the form:

Math.LOG10E

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this property.

<script>
document.write("LOG10E: " + Math.LOG10E);
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The max() method returns the number with the highest value.

This method has the form:

Math.max(n1,n2,...,nX)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.max(2,4,-2,6,-1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support

Description

The min() method returns the number with the lowest value.

This method has the form:

Math.min(n1,n2,...,nX)

Examples

The following example shows the basic use of this method.

<script>
document.write(Math.min(2,4,-2,6,-1));
</script>

This produces the following result:

Browser Support